Few patients experienced adverse events.Īntidote Beta blocker Glucagon Toxicity. Glucagon administration was associated with a statistically significant increase in HR, but a small absolute difference of uncertain clinical significance. Fifteen administrations (10.4%) were associated with hyperglycemia. A total of nine glucagon administrations (6.3%) were associated with nausea and 14 (9.7%) with vomiting however, 52 doses (36.1%) were administered concomitantly with antiemetic medications. Similar increases were observed when patients receiving concomitant vasopressors were excluded. The median difference (IQR) in SBP was 4.5 (- 6 to 16) mmHg (p = 0.004). The mean difference in HR from pre- to post-glucagon administration was 4 bpm ± 10.6 (95% CI, p < 0.001). Glucagon acts by activation of the enzyme adenylate cyclase. Secondary outcomes included the median difference in SBP, and occurrence of nausea, vomiting, and hyperglycemia.Ī total of 107 patients met inclusion criteria accounting for 144 glucagon orders. Beta blocker and calcium channel blocker poisoning can be treated with glucagon, an antidote and also a regulatory hormone that stimulates glucose release. High-dose glucagon still remains as the first line antidote against a beta-blocker overdose. N2 - Background Intravenous high-dose glucagon is a recommended antidote against beta-blocker poisonings, but clinical effects are unclear. The primary outcome was the mean difference in HR from immediately pre- to 20-minutes post-glucagon administration. We conducted a retrospective, multi-center case series of patients greater than 12 years of age who received glucagon for suspected beta blocker toxicity. This study aims to determine the magnitude of effect of glucagon on heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with suspected beta blocker toxicity and describe potential adverse effects of the medication. Although glucagon use in beta blocker toxicity has been recommended for many years, evidence for its safety and efficacy in humans is limited.
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